Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of several cancers, including cervical cancer, which is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Data show that over 90% of cervical cancer cases are associated with high-risk HPV types [1]. Advances in HPV vaccine development have led to the emergence of a new generation of vaccines that cover a broader spectrum of oncogenic virus types. These vaccines demonstrate increased effectiveness in preventing anogenital and oropharyngeal carcinomas. This study provides an in-depth review of the 9-valent HPV vaccine, emphasizing its effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness, while also addressing the socioeconomic barriers to its implementation.

Keywords: HPV vaccine, cervical cancer, 9-valent vaccine, vaccine efficacy

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