Abstract

Epigenetics studies heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations in DNA sequences. These changes are highly sensitive to environmental influences, particularly during critical periods such as intrauterine development and reproductive maturity in women. This paper analyzes the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, as well as their interplay with environmental factors such as nutrition, pollutants, and stress. Special focus is placed on the impact on the female reproductive system, with examples from clinical and experimental studies.

Keywords: Epigenetics, environment, female reproduction, DNA methylation, endocrine disruptors

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